For the five participants describing how they knew, the reasons included: being present when it happened, reading the report from the gender specialist, being told by their child that the child had misrepresented the truth, and being informed by the child’s psychiatrist. Respondents were asked, “Do you believe that transgender people deserve the same rights and protections as others in your country?” which is a question that was adapted from a question used for a US national poll [78]. Parent-child conflict may also contribute to the course of the dysphoria. Estrangement was child-initiated in six cases where the child ran away, moved out, or otherwise refused contact with parent. Internalizing symptoms such as depression can be spread via the mechanisms of co-rumination, which entails the repetitive discussion of problems, excessive reassurance seeking (ERS), and negative feedback [30, 32–34]. Parents reported subjective declines in their AYAs’ mental health and in parent-child relationships after the children disclosed a transgender identification. She spent all day on the internet, and lost her many school friends—her only friends were on-line and members of the trans community. A 21-year-old natal male who had been academically successful at a prestigious university seemed depressed for about six months. One parent wrote, “We believe the biggest influence was the online pro-transition blogs and youtube videos. It is also important to note that recruitment was not limited to the websites where the information about the study was first posted. The strongest support for considering that the gender dysphoria was new in adolescence or young adulthood is the parental answers for DSM 5 criteria for childhood gender dysphoria. Ties actually used to have meanings in the business world (power ties, peace ties, etc. Most (86.7%) of the parents reported that, along with the sudden or rapid onset of gender dysphoria, their child either had an increase in their social media/internet use, belonged to a friend group in which one or multiple friends became transgender-identified during a similar timeframe, or both. From a strong focus on 3d transition metal alloys, there are now seven distinct CCA families. The risk factors, mechanisms and meanings of anorexia nervosa [69–70, 76] may ultimately prove to be a valuable template to understand the risk factors, mechanisms, and meanings for some cases of gender dysphoria. Although this research adds the necessary component of parent observation to our understanding of gender dysphoric adolescents and young adults, future study in this area should include both parent and child input. (Note: The terminology of “natal sex”, including the terms “natal female” and “natal male”, will be used throughout this article. The difference between these groups was statistically significant (p = .025), with a t-value of -2.25 showing that those who were no longer transgender-identified and backing away had a longer duration of identification (mean = 24.1 months) and those who were still transgender-identified had a shorter mean duration (mean = 14.4 months). Within friendship groups, the average number of individuals who became transgender-identified was 3.5 per group. The average age of announcement of a transgender-identification was 15.2 years of age (range 10–21) (Table 5). Before the rape, she was described as a happy girl; after the rape, she became withdrawn and fearful. chi-squared comparisons for exposure to social influence (SI) vs not exposure to social influence (NSI). After spending time with these three friends, the 14-year-old natal female announced that she was also a trans boy. The survey was uploaded onto Survey Monkey (SurveyMonkey, Palo Alto, CA, USA) via an account that was HIPPA-enabled. We reject current conservative, reactionary, religious-fundamentalist views about sexuality. It may be difficult to distinguish if an AYA’s declining mental health is occurring due to the use of a maladaptive coping mechanism, due to the worsening of a pre-existing (or onset of a new) psychiatric condition, or due to conflict with parents. Youth Trans Critical Professionals was created in March 2016. The Black Gangster Disciples began as the Devil's Disciples in the 1950s in Englewood. The second part comes from Terry Riley, an experimental, minimalist composer Townshend admired - many of the keyboard riffs and sound effects on Who's Next were a result of Riley's influence. The following are quotes from parents about the perceived benefits of transgender-identification afforded to their child. Adolescent-onset of gender dysphoria has only recently been reported in the literature for natal females [5,10, 13–14]. The groups targeted for mocking by the friend groups are often heterosexual (straight) people and non-transgender people (called “cis” or “cisgender”). Sexual orientation as expressed by the AYA prior to transgender-identification is listed separately for natal females and for natal males (Table 2). There were two cases where the estrangement was initiated by the parent because the AYA’s outbursts were affecting younger siblings or there was a threat of violence made by the AYA to the parent. Yes There were 256 parent-completed surveys that met study criteria. To question this will only hurt her and prolong her suffering.’ [Our] daughter has had trauma in [the] past. Peer influence is intensified in inpatient and outpatient treatment settings for patients with anorexia and counter-therapeutic subcultures that actively promote the beliefs and behaviors of anorexia nervosa have been observed [39–41]. The earliest documented use of the word Arab in reference to a people appears in the Kurkh Monoliths, an Akkadian-language record of the Assyrian conquest of Aram (9th century BCE). Roles Fig 1 includes examples of online advice from Reddit and Tumblr. Open text descriptions of trauma were categorized as “family” (including parental divorce, death of a parent, mental disorder in a sibling or parent), “sex or gender related” (such as rape, attempted rape, sexual harassment, abusive dating relationship, break-up), “social” (such as bullying, social isolation), “moving” (family relocation or change of schools); “psychiatric” (such as psychiatric hospitalization), and medical (such as serious illness or medical hospitalization). Many (48.4%) had experienced a traumatic or stressful event prior to the onset of their gender dysphoria. Two respondents, in answers to other questions, described that their children later told them what they learned from online discussion lists and sites. The two major, new concepts of this approach include opening a vast, unexplored realm of alloy compositions and the potential to influence solid solution phase stability through control of configurational entropy. The survey was active from June 29, 2016 to October 12, 2016 (3.5 months) and took 30–60 minutes to complete. These types of presentations have not been described in the research literature for gender dysphoria [1–10] and raise the question of whether social influences may be contributing to or even driving these occurrences of gender dysphoria in some populations of adolescents and young adults. There were two unrelated cases with similar trajectories where the AYAs spent some significant time in a different setting, away from their usual friend group, without access to the internet. Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. So, think about the difference between reading from like a book that you hold in your hand as opposed to reading online or on a Kindle. The following quotes capture these top two observations. It is possible that some of the participating parents may not have noticed symptoms of gender dysphoria before their AYA’s disclosure of a transgender identity; could have been experiencing shock, grief, or difficulty coping from the disclosure; or even could have chosen to deny or obscure knowledge of long term gender dysphoria. , who was Pete Townshend 's spiritual guru know what I wanted to be.... 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